Best Birth Control Options

The most widely used form of IUD, or intra-uterine-device, is the copper IUD. A copper IUD is a small, T-shaped device that is wrapped in copper filaments. Sperm are poisoned by the copper, and the presence of the IUD also causes the uterus to produce fluids that kill the sperm. Copper IUDs are inserted by your doctor, and they are the most effective forms of birth control available. Copper IUD side effects are usually mild, if there are any side effects at all.

Common Side Effects

Most women experience some mild side effects when the IUD is first inserted. You may have painful cramping of the lower abdomen or lower back. You may also find that your menstrual cycle is much heavier than usual, or there is spotty bleeding between periods for the first month or so. These side effects may be irritating and painful, but they will subside naturally as your body gets used to having the IUD inserted into the uterus.

More Serious Side Effects

Occasionally, a copper IUD can lead to problems that require a visit to your doctor. If the IUD should shift within the uterus, it will cause more pain and be less effective against pregnancy. In some cases the IUD will puncture the uterine wall, or travel into the stomach. Both of these situations cause severe, prolonged pain and need to be addressed by a doctor as soon as possible. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease is another possible side effect of wearing an IUD, and it can cause you to be unable to continue to wear your IUD for long periods of time.

How to Reduce the Risk of Side Effects

There are some things you can do to reduce your risk of side effects, or reduce the discomfort that accompanies them. Treat your initial cramping and heavy menstrual flow the way you would treat any uncomfortable period, with rest, heat, and Ibuprofen or Acetaminophen. Check the strings of your IUD regularly to be sure they haven't moved or disappeared. If you notice any change in the strings, there is a chance the IUD has moved in your uterus and you should be checked by a doctor. Tell your doctor about any unusual discomfort or change in your normal menstruation, as changes may indicate that something is wrong. Avoid changing your IUD often because every time it is removed or inserted the uterine experiences irritation.